The End of the "Great War"
The end of WW1 took place after the final push from the Allied forces reached the German border on October 17, 1918. The British, French, and American forces began the advance on the main German forces, leading to many of the Central Powers to fall apart, with Turkey signing an armistice at the end of October, and Austria-Hungary following suit on November 3. Germany began to fall apart internally as well, with the High Seas Fleet stationed in Kiel mutinying on October 29, and taking control of the entire city, causing a revolution to spread throughout it. On November 9, German forces abdicated, and slipped into the Netherlands and exile. In 1919, the Paris Peace Conference took place, in which countries stated their terms for peace. France sought to gain vengeance against Germany, and for all of the damage it had caused. Germany was to pay for all of the damages it inflicted upon France, also weakening the German nation and was thought to have been made too weak to invade countries again. America sought for a fair peace, in which a "League of Nations" would be made, making it possible for countries to discuss issues without wars breaking out. The Prime Minister of Great Britain stated that he wanted "Germany to pay" (to appease the British nation, beacuse he knew that that was what they wanted to hear), but he wanted 'justice,' not "revenge" or something harsh. He tried to get a halfway point between France and America, allowing for a fair yet proper punishment for Germany. As well as peace, Britain sought an expansion of territories, maintain control of the seas, and increase British trade globally.
Peace Treaty Effects
The many treaties of WW1 led to several results after the war, including the expansion of France, British inheritance of a few German territories, and restrictions on Germany's military. Germany was restricted to have only enough German soldiers ro protect itself, but no more than that. Germany was also forced to pay for damages caused during the war, leading it into debt and weakening the country. This angered many citizens on how poorly their country was treated, eventually leading to World War 2. The "peace" caused by the treaties was forced upon Germany, it was not debatable. France, Britain, and America decided the fate of Germany, eventually coming to terms with a policy that benefitted everyone, excluding the German nation.
Post-war Europe
Many new countries were formed at the end of the war, the main ones were created in Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey. Russia received Finland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. Austria-Hungary gained the country of Yugoslavia, and Turkey received Artvin, Kars, and Igdir. All of these boundaries were created by England, so many of the countries gained land they had not decided to gain.
Post-war Middle East
Many countries were affected by WW1, and the Ottoman Empire was no exclusion. Its ruler decided to fight against Russia, France, and Great Britain, even though earlier it had been humiliated with setbacks in several countries. After finding its way into the war with a bombing of Russian Black Sea ports, the Allied powers began to fight back. Many Arabs were promised freedom if they joined the Allies, but the British didn't fully keep their word, not giving them their freedom. Much mistrust spread throughout the Middle East, and the Arabs soon declared war on the Allied powers for their true freedom. The Turks won against the Allies, and on October 29, 1923, the Turkish Republic was formed.